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Discover a place not held solely by where it sits in the world, nor the season you’ve found yourself in- but as it has always been, by the landscape of its people.

WINTER MENU RESEARCH 

December 2023 - February 2024 

Thank you for dining with us at Archipelago. Our menu is driven by history in place. Stories of incredible Filipino-Americans, the worlds they made, and ideas that have actively shaped our food system. 

Guiding our menu forward for the winter are the stories and places of ... 

WATERLINES, VICTORIO VELASCO SALVADOR DEL FIERRO, BOB SANTOS, BURN THE MORTGAGE, KING STREET BARRIO, 1909: FILIPINO COFFEE COMPANY, DOROTHY & FRED CORDOVA, FRANCESCA JENKINS, OVERSEAS FILIPINO WORKERS (OFWs.)

At Archipelago, these elements combine to answer a driving question - what does it mean to cook Filipino American food in the Pacific Northwest? And how are we transformed in the process? 

We understand our experience holds a lot of information. Much of it we don't have the time to share fully. Please explore this resource as a way to engage more with the stories we tell and the processes we are developing to do so. We recognize that each guest that comes through our doors becomes a part of the Filipino American story. You help keep these stories alive in the face of them being forgotten.

Also… please enjoy our Winter Tasting Menu playlist while you read!


This resource was written by Han Vale - Culinary Content Coordinator. It was designed by Amber Manuguid. It reflects years of hard work and dedication by the entire Archipelago team, and we couldn’t be here without you.

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OUR CULINARY PHILOSOPHY 

As Archipelago develops its own culinary philosophy, we consider ourselves as nested inside a growing food movement. One that values the cultural ties to identity and storytelling as inseparable from the craft itself. Often, guests will ask service team members “what comes first, the stories or the food?” Truthfully, you have dined with Archipelago at a moment when the experience is returning to the core of its dream. This  year, our stories and culinary exploration have never been more interwoven. Perhaps in the archives we find a story of a recipe and try and recreate it with measured flare or, an individual so strikingly accomplished that it is troubling we didn't hear about them sooner. From there, we work with our talented chefs and storytellers to bridge senses through food. 

There is a method to the madness. In the realm of restaurants, food, and fine-dining there are certain greats. And, these greats are so because they understand that food is as much theory as it is practice. Science, experimentation: on the farm, in the kitchen, in the community that holds it all. 

Harold McGee's on food and cooking, Modernist Kitchen's Modernist Cuisine, Dr. Jessica B. Harris' High on the Hog. Our winter menu explores all of these texts through developing food around core tenants and developing our own theories and the platforms that hold them.

These can be understood as: 

• Time and Place 

• Cultural Relevance 

• Skill and Craft 

• Cohesion 

• Flavor 

With this framing, we try and capture stability on an idea’s bleeding edge. What cuisine means and for whom by whom. 

Course 1

WATERLINES 

Archipelago, and all of Seattle itself is built on unceded lands of the Duwamish, Tulalip, and Muckleshoot Nations. For this, we must contend with our position as a fine-dining restaurant that is made possible directly through the stewardship of Native Nations, materially. Local cuisine in this way is a somewhat fraught idea, because it may inherently re- enforce the political boundaries of non-Native nations, thus contributing to erasure. Our presence on this land is through the non-White settler perspective, and we have tremendously powerful shared histories of solidarities, similar traumas associated with waves of colonialism, and form a global diaspora. As such, we do not subscribe to certain politically bounded definitions of what the Pacific Northwest is or is not. Instead, we look to the guidelines of "Bioregions", places that can be understood by their flora, fauna, and environmental characteristics. Not even to mention the acute ways that climate change has begun to shift growing seasons. 

At Archipelago, our bare minimum is to be educated about our relations to land. Seattle also has an immensely powerful coalition of scholars, Native-led cultural and education hubs, and community initiatives where one can educate themselves on Native history and build relationships to Native communities. We also recognize that it takes work and vulnerability to build genuine relationships to our Native peers and this is a constant work in progress. 

For us, we must contend with the fact that settler processes have directly affected Native sovereignty and have dramatically transformed the 'waterlines' of Seattle and the surrounding areas. The land that is now Seattle was once a vastly interconnected set of rivers and tributaries. Some of which, like the Black river, have entirely disappeared due to Seattle's settlement. Could you imagine yourself as a salmon, no longer able to make a journey back home on a river that had, until that moment, been there since time immemorial? Due to the engineering of the Montlake Cut, a major shipping route that connects the Puget Sound to Lake Washington, the flow of the entire water system reversed. Can you imagine the shock to your body, if one day, you had to adapt to breathing water and drinking air? 

How can we truly be craftspeople who work with the life of the land and water without honoring its ability to remake itself? Salmon habitats, fields of wild Camas, control of traditional fishing places, are all bound up with our experience designed for you. This is the fundamental reality of food, and of a restaurant itself - that if designed intentionally perhaps can use its power as a node in a network to influence all of the areas that surround it. And we can do so with beauty. 

Our Kamayan course - Kamayan meaning "eaten with the hands” is a bridge that combines Indigenous Filipino heritage with honoring the first peoples in Seattle. It is a playful introduction as well - inviting guests to use their hands to explore the flavors, textures, and presentation elements that make these first few bites so compelling. 

This course sets the stage for what the experience. Without the scholarship of Coll Thrush, a professor of settler history at the University of British Columbia, and his work, The City of the Changers, we would not have the language and framing to understand how to address our presence as Filipino-American settlers working on defining regional FilAm cuisine by and for us. In particular, we can take this brilliant scholarship and help it come to live on beyond the page through cooking and craft.

The Waterlines mapping project created by the Burke Museum in collaboration with oral history is an example too of how research can live outside of the academy and a museum. Below are further resources that the team has used to understand our relationship to Native lands both here and elsewhere.

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OUR RESEARCH PROCESSES 

Our research process is an ongoing, formal exploration of archives, the cutting edge of food- studies texts, collaborations with other cultural workers, and an exploration of the interpretations of FilAM food from our chefs. We read recently published academic articles in Filipino/a/x Studies, Geography, and food science. We build out research tools and repositories like digital maps, foraging guides, and library resources for our team to access. Current projects also include working on developing programming that can help us actively collect stories from our communities. Above all, we try our best to sit in the present-ness of our community's initiatives. Those publishing their own writing, hosting film-viewings, and asking for collaborators. Research is also to assess the state of the present, to come up with the right solutions and interventions to preserve the future. 

Thankfully, we have had the most incredible models. FANHS and their published texts including Filipinos in Puget Sound (2009), and Filipinos in the Willamette Valley (2010), have given us a running start. From experiments in growing rice at Kamayan Farm run by Ari de Leña, to the form-bending work of artisans like Lexa Luna and Jess Rene, we find ourselves continuously inspired. While we still have much to learn, like recipes, we are building out and collecting our own stories to live on and be told during our services. 

 
 

Especially important to us are the conversations we are able to have with our farmers, foragers, butchers, and fisherfolk. Our agricultural system is so interconnected, yet resources don't flow as freely. As we hear about our partners' needs directly, we hope to continue to be in a position to purchase products, create value-added items, and volunteer where we can. This can look like lending our voice and reach in struggles for justice, such as the campaign with the United 6 right here in Seattle. 

When you dine with us, you are not just supporting the work of chefs. You directly support the quality of research, preservation, documentation, and development of new techniques that work to actively address the future of culturally relevant food in an era of increasing change. 

Course 2

VICTORIO VELASCO 

It is never easy to succinctly honor the lives of great people. Victorio Velasco's story, featured for our dish of kinilaw - perhaps the oldest recorded dish in the  Philippines - is a truly PNW story of finding one's voice. And literally, writing history with it. 

The Filipino Student Newsletter (University of Washington Special Collections)


VICTORIO VELASCO

Velasco's life implicitly answers many of the questions that we are asking at Archipelago. Namely, how one becomes a guiding presence in community questions of justice, and how our work comes outlives us and inspires others. The Velasco archives were donated to the University of Washington's special collections in the 1970s. The Special Collections Librarian on cannery labor, Conor Casey, has thoughtfully curated many finding aids and resources on Velasco's personal life and professional accomplishments. 

When the team reads an archive, we are doing it for what we know, but are excited to learn what we don't. In the case of the Velasco papers, we went through boxes including personal papers, address books, and journals. What we found surprised us - and felt like leads in continuing the story we try to tell about our community. All the trappings of a life, including dreams made, letters sent, long hours worked in the canneries of Alaska, burst from the pages. It was (literal) poetry, the collections of address books of Filipino- American families, the pamphlets on housing justice initiatives in protest of exclusionary zoning, and powerful collective statements directed to the UN for an immediate ceasefire during the Algerian war. The results of interacting with these documents lead to our whole team learning stories and history that can now be shared with you.

Faced with such richness, the team has a challenge to figure out which stories to tell. What is told must be an invitation to learn more, to instill a hunger in our guests that cannot be satisfied through food alone.

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COURSE 3

SALVADOR DEL FIERRO

Unlike a tropical environment, the PNW has distinct seasons and no coconuts. The iconic dish of 'pinakbet' comprises vegetables cooked in bagoong, and ‘ginataan’ describes a dish stewed in coconut milk. For this course we feature a Seattle icon, Salvador Del Fierro. Del Fierro, like Victorio and the many other individuals we have highlighted over the years in our menu was an Alaskero. This common thread shared by many only in seasonal profession.

 

(Salvador Del Fierro toasting to Ramon Magsaysay in 1953, Filipino Forum, 1953)

 

Del Fierro's name lives on in the Filipino Community of Seattle, with records of him signing off on the creation of Dr. Jose Rizal Park, and an illustrious legacy serving as President of the Filipino Association in Ketchikan, as well as the Filipino Community of Seattle. Del Fierro's political acumen was in part his skill, and through the fates, when his nephew, Ramon Magsaysay, became a contender in the race for President of the Philippines - and won by a landslide. 

In Seattle, Del Fierro organized the "Magsaysay for President" club, helping to fund Magsaysay's success in the Philippines as well as strengthen diplomacy between the US and the Philippines following WWII. Del Fierro's organizational talent served to catalyze the final fundraising push to establish the physical Filipino Community Center which stands today on MLK Way South. Today, the center is indispensable in the fabric of FilAm Seattle offering a variety of cultural enrichment programming, language classes, resources like free meals for seniors, and housing. 

Del Fierro's legacy of political organizing is also evidenced in his work to desegregate public schools in Ketchikan Alaska. Incredibly important to note are the Native community organizations that fought alongside him for a similar cause. Though the record does not mention their collaboration, Filipinos and Alaska Natives were segregated and forced into living in close proximity, in what is now known as the Stedman-Thomas Historic District. As we continue to research in archives across Washington, we learn more and find more records about Filipino life in Seattle. This information too is critical as it informs how Filipinos can collectively determine how our history is remembered. Scholarship speaks to the intricate ways that Alaska Native interests as manifested through the Alaska Native Brotherhood were different in aim and scope from those advanced by Filipino-led unions. To truly understand these nuances is to account for our responsibility as storytellers. 

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COURSE 4

BOB SANTOS

Bob Santos, affectionately known as the "Uncle" of the Chinatown International District (CID) through his efforts to preserve its spatial character, is honored in our next dish.

 BOB SANTOS

When one considers geography as a core concept in the development of flavors - especially in describing Filipino cuisine - we can sometimes default to trying to describe it as the child of Spanish, Chinese, and endemic methods of cooking. At the broadest level, perhaps that is what cuisine can be interpreted as. At Archipelago, we dare to ask questions and invert the process. Instead we ask questions to develop recipes at the most granular level. What happens when a Filipino-American activist builds multi-racial solidarity in the name of place? 

What are the implications for a constellation of food, twisting and bending at the borders it uses to define itself? Hum Bows, not Hot Dogs. 

During his time with the Seattle "Gang of Four” a multi-ethnic organizing coalition and in his time as an activist disrupted the construction of several projects in the CID. Notably, his work blocked the construction of the Kingdome and his further activism helped generate support for and build affordable housing. For this course, we feature glazed roasted pork to commemorate that signage and the role of food as instrumental to how one remembers a neighborhood - in a way as significant as a streetcorner. 

Santos was a member of the “Gang of Four", with other individuals Bernie Whitebear, Roberto Maestas, and Larry Gossett who founded the Black Student Union as a student at the University of Washington. Their activism in the late 1960s was marked distinctly by their cross-racial solidarity and support for each other's community causes. Friendship and a recognition of similar marginalization occurring through Seattle's redlining communities of color and Jewish peoples specifically in areas of Seattle like the Beacon Hill, the Central District, and Rainier Valley brought forth new political consciousness. 

Santos' contributions to Seattle's CID have preserved it as a community hub for Asian Americans. With communities across Seattle also threatened by processes of gentrification and displacement, Santos' work rings forward as a model that communities should continue to self-determine. For his activism and work building (metaphorical) bridges across communities, Santos served as the regional director of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development from 1994 - 2001.  


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COURSE 5

BURN THE MORTGAGE.

For many years, the Filipino community of Seattle made space wherever they could. At dormitories in the University of Washington, in churches, at family homes, in dance halls (even those up north, in Ballard). It was not until the Filipino Community of Seattle was finally able to raise the necessary funds to acquire property that was formerly a bowling alley on MLK avenue. To burn — to turn to ash, the mortgage once it was finally paid off and the building owned in full by the trust — to us cooks could only mean one thing. Talong. 

"Talong" is a slightly tongue and cheek way of referring to the process of charring eggplant in tortang-talong, though the word itself is in reference to eggplant. This is another ancient cooking method endemic to the Philippines but shared in many cultures. At Archipelago, to “talong” is a catch all verb meaning the process of charring. We “talong" seasonal vegetables to make rich broths and sauces and build depths of flavor. Perhaps most importantly, that act of “talonging" becomes a powerful bridge to memories often formed around the kitchen table every day for families at home. 

For us, learning about the mortgage burning ceremony was an invitation to explore the possibilities of fire as both transformational and cleansing. A moment to let go of inhibitions and celebrate. The mortgage burning a symbol of an attainable dream, and a monument to community will.


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COURSE 6

KING STREET BARRIO.

All over the globe, Filipinos in the diaspora make places of their own. These places, sometimes called historic "Manilatowns" are communities and enclaves. Movements over the past few years have sought to officially designate Manilatowns across the US, with a notable recent landmarked Little Manila in Queens, New York. Seattle in the 1920s, much as it is today, was a hub of Filipino life. 

Our dish, "King Street Barrio" offers a rare glimpse into the recorded history of King Street as seen through the eyes of Willy Torin, a visiting reporter from Manila. He writes…

Before 8AM Chinatown is dead.

At 10AM the crowd begins to form around street corners and in the lobby of the Alps Hotel. By noon King Street is like a barrio street in the Philippines ... Filipino pool halls open, offering diversion of pool and cards ... Labor’s latest news is read and discussed. 

By 10PM tantalizing music at Rizal Hall the crowd moves around ... There is pleasure in their houses, the Atlas Theatre is open all night.
— Willy Torin, Filipino Journalist

There is an air of joy and leisure. There too is the unshakable resonance, and the spirit of Filipinos being the "life of the party” here. From the description, we are reminded of the importance of rest and joy after a long day’s work. And further, we find claims of Filipino life where it may be erased. The bustle of celebration and discovery — as carried into space through the practice of roasting meats, crafting and offering seconds, even thirds ;) 

In recent years, there have been contested claims as to where the Filipino community in Seattle congregated. Some argue that Seattle did not have a historic Manila town, and that Filipinos were organizing themselves in other ways. The prominence of Filipino writing and periodicals circulating during this time, such as Filipio Forum and the Chomly Spectator, are used as evidence to support these claims. However, reviewing ledgers and address books in the Velasco archives may come to suggest a different truth. Our team is actively mapping these addresses and is working on a community map in partnership with FANHS. Torin’s journalism too suggests an opposing truth.

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AN INTERLUDE

BOB’S QUALITY MEATS

Bob's Quality Meats is a family-owned and operated business in the heart of Columbia City established in the 1960s. Now in it's fourth generation of ownership, Bob's story is a touchpoint to where our restaurant is in Hillman City/Rainier Valley. 

(Bob and Louise Ackley in 1989, Rainier Valley Histories Cookbook, 2022)

Bob's began in West Seattle, but saw an opportunity to expand to a small meat market on Rainier Ave. Due to exclusionary zoning and demographic changes, Columbia City's was by then mostly African American and African. Bob Ackley, faced with pressure from his supplier to reduce the quality of his product based on racist assumptions of the tastes of the site's new clientele, Bob resisted (Rainier Valley Food Stories, 2022). In Bob Ackley's own words: 

You know, I don’t believe that.

People deserve to have a good place to come buy decent meat, see. I proceeded to develop sausages that were hot until I’d hear, “boy, that is just right.”
— Bob Ackley

Not only did Bob resist the desires of his supplier, but he actively catered to the needs of his new clientele. Perhaps, the highest forms of hospitality can even be subversive.

Course 7

1909 FILIPINO COFFEE COMPANY

 There are few times of year where coffee is abundant in the Philippines. In the early 1900s, Filipino coffee was considered some of the best in the world and was highly prized. The origins of coffee in the Philippines are debated, as Islamic cultures have been instrumental in shaping the Philippines' foodways. 

However, it's production as a cash crop dramatically increased following the American Civil War when it became cheaper to import coffee from the Philippines to the US. By the late 19th century, the Philippines was the fourth largest global exporter of coffee beans with half of all production being exported to San Francisco, helping to explain the Seattle Filipino Coffee Company - with Barako from Batangas being the most productive varietal. This boom in production was followed by a bust, as coffee plants throughout the country succumbed to coffee rust in the early 20th century. 

Globally, coffee is one of the most lucrative commodities forming networks of trade and labor forming a total retail value of $ 102 Billion USD in 2020, employing an estimated 125 million people worldwide (Global Market Report, 2022). Smallholder farms, those cultivating 5 hectares or less, are 95% of the coffee market.

Coffee production is considered so valuable that farmers in the Philippines cannot afford to consume their own crop. As a replacement, farmer's in the Philippines consume sara-sara or kapeng bigas, - a roasted rice tea that replicates the flavor notes of coffee without the caffeine, and without compromising a profit. Our R&D specialist, Kasey Acob, is exploring the boundaries of sara-sara through developing his own line of beverages with his cafe project Mixt. 

The photo we share above during service poses more questions than answers. For one, who were the men in the image and how/why did they begin to source Filipino coffee. Who were their customers and where were their markets? Regardless, the image tells a story about the past of Filipino coffee so innovators our community can start to build its future. While most of the world consumes commercial coffee varietals of arabica and robusta the crop that the Filipino Coffee Company sold was of the varietal liberica - known colloquially as “Barako” which are considered endangered now due to low production and demand in the Philippines. 

The story of Filipino Coffee has always been global, and it is carried into the future through incredible businesses like, 

KALSADA MILL 

MONSTRA COFFEE 

MIXT CAFE

Here in Seattle, America's “coffee shop" city, we form a geographic bridge to the Philippines developed with farmer communities at the center. And in particular, we highlight a phenomenal product sara-sara, developed here in house by our own Head of R&D Kasey Acob.

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 DOROTHY AND FRED CORDOVA

There are no qualifiers — you must know Dr. Dorothy Cordova. To us, affectionately known as Auntie Dorothy.

Dorothy Cordova discussing education policy, Seattle, February 29, 1988 (MOHAI Collection [2000.107.041.21.02])

 DOROTHY AND FRED CORDOVA

Dr. Cordova is a legendary scholar and historian who alongside her late husband, Fred Cordova, founded the Filipino American National Historical Society (FANHS) in the 1980s. What began in Seattle sparked a movement across the country to found local nodes preserving Filipino-American history in communities everywhere. Without the Cordova's work, the development of our Filipino-American collective consciousness would only just be beginning. While collecting robust archives of family history, Filipino-American newspapers, and oral histories FANHS has brought it to life. 

Dr. Cordova has led countless initiatives that have worked to bring the Filipino American community across the country closer together. Further, has led creative projects and solidarity actions to unite Filipinos across the diaspora with those in the Philippines. Recently, for Filipino-American history month held annually in October, FANHS held hours of zoom story sharing sessions attended by hundreds across the country. 

During each iteration of the menu so far, the Cordovas have remained. This choice is deeply intentional, as they have built the foundation for so many projects focusing on Seattle. With their instrumental guidance, Seattle Public Schools were able to launch the first ever curriculum on Filipino history. To community elders, thank you for being our bedrock.


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FRANCESCA JENKINS

When we get to the core of it, FilAm cuisine is just as diverse as FilAm’s are. To cook beyond the idea of "authenticity" which can be a barrier to digging deeply into the nuances of one's identity, positionality, and family history is a heavy challenge. It means that we cannot claim to deeply understand our heritage just because we know a recipe for adobo, pancit, or lumpia. 

(Francesca Jenkins circa 1929, Filipinos in Puget Sound 2009, Courtesy of Dolores Bradley)

“Getting to the heart of Bicol - where my family is from, is a journey I have just begun. It is one that involves healing relationships to family, to learning Filipino and Bicolano, to completing a MA at the University of Washington, to learning how to work on such a dedicated team in an industry that already demands so much of you. 

Often times, I find myself thinking about how Francesca Jenkins must have felt. When I first learned about the Jenkins family — the first Filipino American family in Seattle - I immediately defaulted to a sense of dread. I worried about Sargent Jenkins, and his mental health and ability to provide for his family after being a Buffalo Soldier in the Spanish- American war. I think about his wife who had to contend with the fact that she now lived in the country that enacted so much violence onto hers. As a mixed Black and Filipina American, the story of my family and identity felt like mirror to the Jenkins’ own. Moving from Boston to Seattle in 2021, I didn’t think distance could bring me closer to home.

And, more than anything I found myself thinking about their children. Smiling, goofy, so tiny - like me and my brother and sister when we were young. I hoped that they grew up surrounded by so much love and joy. 

In conducting my MA research, I rarely found comfort in an archive. But, almost like a message back to past me I found an image of future Francesca. In her mid-twenties, standing confidently and beautifully in front of the camera. Francesca Jenkins had made a name for herself by "securing a career in government and retiring with a pension (FANHS). Today, their descendants have continued to make magic wherever they go.” — Han Vale, Archipelago Cook and Culinary Content Curator

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OVERSEAS FILIPINO WORKERS

 Above, we told a little bit of a lie. While coffee is one of the largest exports globally - the Philippines' leading export is people. That's right - people, and the labor they supply to the economies of other countries. The economy of the Philippines is supported by an estimated $3.6 Billion USD in remittances delivered back to family members from workers abroad. 

While Filipinos abroad may work in high earning professions, such as those who are doctors and lawyers, many work in precarious, low-wage situations often as housekeepers, nannies, construction workers, and cooks. The broad umbrella of what is considered "care work" is explored in the scholarship of Dr. Neferti X. M. Tadir in her book Remaindered Lives. From Jollibee commercials, to narratives prevalent in the stories we share about our families, OFWs are framed as "tragic heroes" sacrificing for their family and their culture. As cooks ourselves, we recognize the rare opportunity we have to share their stories as part of a broader system of exploitation... not as an individual choice.

 We must push to demand changes to increase protections for those workers as we expand our definition of hospitality to include those that are intentionally unseen. 

As Filipino-Americans, we recognize that we have a responsibility to act locally to make change globally. The United States sends $340 Million USD fiscally to the Philippines yearly for aid - with, more than one third of this aid for the Philippines’ military. What if this aid was used to develop industries and opportunities to further Filipino self-sufficiency despite challenging global dynamics that disadvantage the economy of the Philippines worldwide?

In Seattle, organizers with the campaign for Human Rights in the Philippines work to pass policy, deliver aid packages, and reform human rights law language as solutions with powerful global implications for Filipino workers.


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